Development Over Time
Overview
The two previously mentioned methods of creating earthquake resistant buildings are the most common techniques. In their designs for new buildings, engineers and architects utilize the methods of base isolation and active mass dampers, especially if the building is located in an area vulnerable to earthquakes. One may think it is easy to produce hundreds of such buildings; however, this is false. It is very difficult to attempt to replace or demolish old buildings. Many people oppose destroying old buildings, even more so if the building holds some historical value. Therefore, making all buildings earthquake resistant will be a slow and gradual process.
History of Earthquake Engineering
In an earthquake-prone area of Northern India, about a millennium ago, people developed buildings that are very earthquake resistant, and still stand to this day. The type of architecture of their buildings is referred to as "Koti Banal Architecture". Some of the techniques used in these buildings are very similar to modern day methods, for example, the horizontal logs used in vertical walls of the buildings are quite similar to the idea of "seismic bends", which are also called ring beams. To the left are some visuals of Koti Banal Architecture.